Understanding the Science Behind the Brain's Reaction to Stress and Feelings of Overwhelm.

Stress is an inevitable part of our daily lives. Whether it's due to work, relationships, or personal struggles, we all experience stress at some point. In fact, 1 in 5 Australians experience a mental health condition each year. But have you ever wondered why stress can make us feel overwhelmed? The answer lies in the intricate workings of our brain. In this article, we'll delve into the science behind how our brain reacts to stress and creates a feeling of being overwhelmed.

The Biology of Stress

To understand how the brain reacts to stress, we first need to understand the biology of stress. When we encounter a stressful situation, our body releases the hormone cortisol, also known as the "stress hormone." This triggers the body's fight or flight response, preparing us to either confront the stressor or flee from it

The Role of the Brain’s Amygdala

The amygdala, a small almond-shaped structure in the brain, plays a crucial role in our response to stress. It is responsible for processing emotions, including fear and anxiety. When we feel stressed, the amygdala activates and sends distress signals to the hypothalamus, which then triggers the release of cortisol.

Impact on the Prefrontal Cortex

The prefrontal cortex, the front part of our brain, is responsible for decision-making, problem-solving, and regulating emotions. When we're stressed, the prefrontal cortex becomes less active, making it harder for us to think logically and make rational decisions. This explains why we may feel overwhelmed and struggle to cope with stress.

The Role of Neurotransmitters

Neurotransmitter’s, the chemical messengers in our brain, also play a crucial role in our response to stress. Particularly, the neurotransmitter serotonin, known as the "happy hormone," is responsible for regulating mood and emotions. When we're stressed, the levels of serotonin decrease, leading to feelings of anxiety and overwhelm.

The Impact of Chronic Stress

While acute stress can be beneficial in helping us deal with immediate threats, chronic stress can have detrimental effects on our brain and overall health. Studies have shown that chronic stress can lead to structural changes in the brain, specifically in the hippocampus, the area responsible for memory and learning. This can result in difficulties with memory and concentration, along with increased susceptibility to many mental health disorders.

Recent research has shown that chronic stress can trigger neuro-inflammation. When you're stressed, your body releases stress hormones, such as cortisol and adrenaline. These hormones are essential for your "fight or flight" response, but prolonged exposure to them can lead to problems.

The constant presence of these stress hormones can activate immune cells in your brain called microglia. Microglia are like the brain's janitors, cleaning up any potential threats. But when they're over activated, they can cause inflammation in the brain.

Brain Inflammation - What is it?

Inflammation is a part of your body's immune response, and it usually occurs when your body is trying to protect itself from infections or injuries. Inflammation can be a good thing in these situations, as it helps your body heal. But when inflammation becomes chronic and occurs without a clear reason, it can be harmful.

Brain inflammation, also known as neuro-inflammation, is when the brain's immune system becomes activated without a specific threat.

 

Coping with Stress and Overwhelm

As we now know, stress can have a significant impact on our brain and overall well-being. Here are some strategies to help cope with stress and prevent feelings of overwhelm

1. Practice Mindfulness: Mindfulness techniques, such as deep breathing and meditation, can help calm the amygdala and reduce the release of stress hormones
2. Engage in Physical Activity: Exercise releases endorphins, the feel-good hormones that can help combat the negative effects of stress on us.
3. Seek Social Support: Talking to a friend or loved one can help reduce feelings of stress and overwhelm. It can also provide a sense of comfort and support during times of stress.
4. Get Enough Sleep: Lack of sleep can exacerbate the effects of stress on the brain. Ensure you get enough quality sleep to help your brain recover and recharge.
5. Support your brain with neuro-protective supplements such as our flavonoid-rich Brain Health. Incorporating anti-neuro-inflammatories into your daily routine will help to counter the inflammation produced by chronic stress.

Conclusion

Stress can have a significant impact on our brain, affecting our emotions, thoughts, and behaviors. Chronic stress can lead to structural changes in the brain, leading to various mental health issues.

By understanding the science behind our brain's response to stress, we can take steps to cope with stress and prevent feelings of being overwhelmed. Remember to practice self-care and seek support when needed to maintain a healthy mind, like taking supplements for brain health, and to help us destress & relax.

 

Written by Dr Stan Rodski, Chief Neuroscience Adviser at The Vitalogy Project, Cognitive Neuroscientist, Researcher and Author.

Find out more about The Vitalogy Project. 

References
1. McEwen, B. S. (2017). Neurobiological and Systemic Effects of Chronic Stress. Chronic Stress, 1, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1177/2470547017692328
2. Sapolsky, R. M. (2005). The influence of stress hormones on the brain and behavior: A critical examination of the stress concept. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology, 26(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yfrne.2004.09.001
3. McEwen, B. S. (2007). Physiology and neurobiology of stress and adaptation: Central role of the brain. Physiological Reviews, 87(3), 873-904. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00041.2006
4. Lupien, S. J., McEwen, B. S., Gunnar, M. R., & Heim, C. (2009). Effects of stress throughout the lifespan on the brain, behaviour and cognition. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 10(6), 434-445. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn2639

5. Rodski, S. (2017). The neuroscience of mindfulness. Harper Collins Pub.